Masonry Fireplace & Chimney Build

Design, code and local rules

The size of the firebox, flue and hearth must be coordinated so the fireplace drafts well and operates safely. Codes regulate clearances to combustible materials, the length of the hearth extension, the height of the chimney above the roof and the use of spark arrestors. In many regions, air-quality rules restrict wood burning, so gas or electric inserts may be required instead. The mason helps you choose between wood, gas and hybrid designs, explains the rules in your area and handles the permits for the project.

Foundation, firebox and flue

A masonry fireplace and chimney weigh thousands of pounds, so they sit on a reinforced concrete footing sized for the load and the soil. Firebrick lines the firebox, a damper controls the draft and a clay or stainless steel flue liner protects the chimney from heat and combustion byproducts. Proper flashing, a rain cap and a crown keep water out of the structure. Seismic ties and reinforcement are used where required by code. Each part must be installed correctly for safe operation.

Finishes, curing and care

The exterior can be finished in brick, stone or stucco to match the home, and the interior face can include a mantel, hearth stone and decorative surround. Allow the mortar to cure before the first fire, and follow the mason’s break-in instructions with small fires at first. Have the flue inspected and cleaned every year to prevent creosote fires. Keep the damper in good condition, burn dry seasoned wood and keep inspection records and manuals. Ask the mason for a short written care sheet that covers first fires, annual cleaning, damper use and what to do if you notice smoke or cracks.

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